Biblical and Secular Models of Counseling - 1841 Words

Biblical and Secular Models of Counseling Sara Hall Liberty University Biblical and Secular Models of Counseling Deciding how to model your counseling practice is one of the fundamental issues needing to be addressed when a counselor is choosing to begin a successful career as a licensed counselor. There are many different theories, strategies and methods to choose from when developing the foundation of your models, but all must adhere to the ethical standard of behavior set forth by the American Counseling Association. The best way to establish a model of counseling is to compare and contrast several different counseling practices and carefully evaluate their individual methods, goals, premises, strategies and theories. Larry†¦show more content†¦Similarly, in his model of counseling, the Rogerian Theory for counseling promotes the use of empathy and genuineness by the counselor, as well as being a source of encouragement to the counselee (Kensit, 2000). He also recommends the counselor assure the counselee that he is being supported in his efforts, thus creating an acceptable environment that contributes to the well-being of the counselee (Kensit, 2000). In Crabb’s (1977) model for counseling he also strongly stresses the importance of creating an atmosphere of acceptance directed toward the counselee. This would compare to the way the Rogerian Method would explain, concerning the counseling approach, a counselee feeling more open and being more respectful of others when in an environment that includes trust and respect (Kensit, 2000). While these two models appear to envelope many similarities, the differences are monumental in the approach each uses regarding the problem beha vior or a problem thought that needs to be changed. Crabb (1977) expresses, in his text, the central concept behind the biblical counseling model is one of direct, verbal confrontation that provides guidance and instructions on how to change an undesired behavior, feeling or problem. Crabb suggests that once a problem behavior or feeling is identified, you may then proceed to uncover underlying problems and feelings that proceed or accompany the primary problem behavior or feeling. On theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Contrast Effective Biblical Counseling Concepts1412 Words   |  6 PagesIn order for Biblical counseling to be effective, a counselor must be completely prepared to work in the ministry of helping others. Beyond the worldly challenges, a Christian counselor also faces humanistic therapeutic false views of secular therapy. Christian counselors maintain a focal point in guiding people to living a life that is full of spiritual richness and maturity. Yet, secular the rapist focuses on self-gratification and self-actualization. As Christian ministry helpers, you must beRead MoreChristian Counseling and Secular Psychology 1320 Words   |  6 Pages Each Christian counselor must carefully research and develop a counseling model which best aligns with their education level and spiritual beliefs. The following will be a summary of the models of counseling developed by Dr. Crabb and Dr. Hawkins, addressing the strengths and weaknesses of each model. Through this theory critique a Christian counselor should be able to identify and develop a strong foundation for their counseling theory and better serve their clients while maintaining a strongRead MoreIn this compare and contrast paper I will highlight the differences and commonalities1167 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween Larry Crabb’s biblical model of counseling, theories, and techniques of Rodgerian theory called Rodgers’ Client-Centered Therapy (RCCT), Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). All of these theories are a form of psychotherapy. Couselors today use techniques such as pharmacological intervention and cognitive and behavioral therapy. They are not wrong in using these techniques, but rather should seek the Lord and take a biblical approach in therapyRead MoreAdams vs Backus Chapian Essay1257 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity Counseling 507, Theology amp; Spirituality in Counseling Dr. Ben Omungu February 4, 2012 Theory Critique of Adams vs. Backus amp; Chapian: How to help people change by Dr. Jay E. Adams and Telling yourself the truth by Dr. William Backus and Marie Chapian. There are many views held among Christian counselors about how to Scripturally approach changing human behavior. For some who seek to base the motivation for change on Biblical grounds, an approach to counseling is geared towardRead MoreCritique of Crabb Hawkins738 Words   |  3 PagesA Critique of Two Theories Betty Finney Liberty University COUN 507 Summary Dr. Crabb ‘s model integrates theology and psychology and refers to it as, â€Å"Spoiling the Egyptians (Crabb, 1977). His approach geared more to sound biblical principles and doctrine. I researched â€Å"Spoiling the Egyptians†, as to, I was curious about the scripture base. Spoiling the Egyptians refers to Exodus 12:40-42, as God watched over the Israelites as they went through the wildernessRead MoreChristian Counseling: An Overview1470 Words   |  6 PagesBiblical Counseling is making a strong impact in todays churches and community. Counseling is seen as one of the most productive ways of helping a person reach the inner side of themselves to help solve any problems that might be arising. Furthermore, when it comes to being a counselor, not something that should be taken for granted. We are all born of sin, but we have been saved through the grace of Jesus Christ. Not everyone bless to be a counselor, but Dr. Crabbs biblical teaching in ChristianRead MoreFree Essay Is a Scam1711 Words   |  7 Pagestruth cultural mandate multiple perspective and co-operative learning (van leeuwen) Science is not based on faith that physical laws will apply forever ,or in different places in the inverse. Page 67. As ecological findings drove biblical scholars to reread the biblical mandates concerning our environmental stewardship, so recent psychological findings have stimulated new questions among people of faith. One example shows new information about sexual orientation. These findings have prompted someRead MoreTheory Critique1539 Words   |  7 PagesA Critique of Two Theoretical Models: Crabb and Hawkins Amy E. Yesalavich Liberty University COUN 507-B09 Dr. Alan Cheney May 27, 2012 Summary Psychology has been primarily viewed as a methodical system that seeks empirical evidence to explain nature, while theology is often viewed as reasoning based on man’s eternal destiny as discussed in biblical teachings. Falsities are held within both of these historical beliefs. PsychologyRead MoreChristian Counseling : An Interview And Critique2149 Words   |  9 PagesChristian Counseling: An Interview and Critique In today’s society many disorders may arise. Some of these issues include eating disorders, anxiety, gender-identity disorders, depression, addictions, and many others. However, there is another issue that brings individuals in the counseling setting, and that is the issue of sex and sexuality. Issues stemming from sex and sexuality can arise from same-sex attraction, pornography, infidelity, hormonal issues, and/or negative, inadequate beliefs andRead MoreThe Lord Is Perfect, Reviving The Soul1569 Words   |  7 PagesGod be made â€Å"fully known† as the apostle Paul does? How does Caring for the Heart Ministries stack up against what the Bible teaches us about counseling? Counseling is one of the more controversial subjects facing the Christian church today. Why? Formal counseling is rapidly on the rise among twenty-first century Christians. The rise in formal counseling corresponds with our societies increasing struggle with depression. Gallup reports that 10 percent of all americans have or are struggling with

Analysis Of Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner - 881 Words

In the novel ,The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, the main character Amir is a coward. Amir lives in Kabul, Afghanistan. His best friend Hassan lives with him and is his best friend. In reality Amir is Hassan’s owner. Baba adopted Hassan when he was a baby and he became their servant. Amir becomes very jealous of him and then becomes a coward. Amir was so jealous of Hassan that he even wanted a scar,â€Å"I wished I too had a scar that would beget Baba’s sympathy. It wasn’t fair.† (Hosseini, p 50) This quote shows Amir is jealous of Hassan. The scar was really a birth mark and it showed that they are connected. â€Å"Except Baba stunned me by saying, ‘I forgive you’† (Hosseini 112) Baba is a strict person. He doesn’t want anyone to do something†¦show more content†¦He leaves Hassan behind even though he knows that Hassan will be hit by Assef. He claims he was frightened to be hurt by Assef. He is such a coward that he betray his best friend, the person who protects him. â€Å"You’re a coward! † I said. â€Å"Nothing but a goddam coward! † (Hosseini, p. 98) This quotes from when Amir throws a fruit to Hassan. He is talking to Hassan and also himself. Hassan is a coward because he does not fight back to Amir. Amir is a coward because he runs away when Hassan is being raped by Assef. He cannot face Hassan again because he will remember the time he ran away and leaves Hassan behind him. He’s hoping when he throws the fruit at Hassan that it will make him angry and fight back. Instead it only makes Amir feel less guilty. Finally, he is ashamed of himself so that he wants to kick Hassan out of the family so he can have an easy life. â€Å"Baba, have you ever thought about getting new servants. † (Hosseini, p95) Amir feels bad when Hassan comes and asks him to go out and have fun, he doesn’t understand why Hassan still wants to hang out. He decides to ask his father about changing to new servants. If Baba agrees, it’ll better his life from now and in the future but unfortunately, baba does not agree with that and starts yelling at Amir that he will not change anyone. He has to live guilty with Hassan. â€Å"Either way, this much had become clear: One of us had to go†. (Hosseini 108) From this point, he cannot suffer the feeling of beingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner1697 Words   |  7 Pagesstated that what happens in the course of a day has the power to change the rest of our lives forever. This passage exemplifies how monumental our actions are and how one seemingly small action has the power to change our lives. In Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner, it is suggested that individuals can atone for the bad things they have done in their past: consequently, we explore the idea that taking responsibility for past actions is only possible if the person who seeks redemption first admitsRead MoreAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner 1763 Words   |  8 Pagesopportunity to reside in the United States of America and pursue the American dream, it is evident that the land of the free and home of the brave emblematizes a meaning which extends greater than the breadth of newfound wealth. In Khaled Hosseini’s novel â€Å"The Kite Runner,† the main character Amir, the son of a wealthy, altruistic, and respected merchant, spends his childhood seeking for acceptance with his father, and through this process, narcissism voraciously ravages Amir’s thoughts leading himRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Kite Runner1090 Words   |  5 Pages– H 31 October 2017 Consequences of War: A Critical Analysis of the Kite Runner On a day to day basis, an individual is faced with an obstacle they must overcome, ultimately defining their morals and values. In the literature perspective, the novel The Kite Runner delivers multiple thematic ideas that portray the struggles of characters in their ordinary lives. Khaled Hosseini, author and physician, released his debut novel The Kite Runner in the year of 2003. This novel is written in the firstRead MoreSymbolism Of Kite Running By Khaled Hosseini1243 Words   |  5 PagesKali Denney Mr. Snyder AP Literature and Composition 11 December 2015 Symbolism of Kite Running In this essay the book being discussed is, Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. Khaled Hosseini’s biography will be discussed as well as the historical influences upon him that affect the novel as a whole. The essay will contain a critical analysis as well as an analysis of the critical response to the work by others. In the novel and now a grown man, the main character Amir recalls events in his childhoodRead MoreThe Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption2381 Words   |  10 PagesThe Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner is an award-winning novel and considered one of today’s most popular, contemporary classics. The story is one of familiar themes such as loyalty, forgiveness, betrayal, love, and redemption. It follows the tale of Amir and how he must atone for his sins and find a way to â€Å"be good again† (Hosseini 2). The quintessential message of this book relies on the idea of second chances. Themes of redemptionRead MoreHow does Hosseini tell the story of the kite runner in chapter 1?942 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿How does Hosseini tell the story of the Kite Runner in chapter 1? Khaled Hosseini uses a veritable smorgasbord of literary and narrative techniques to tell the story of ‘The Kite Runner’. From engaging in the use of foreshadowing and symbolism, to characterisation and the way he styles his prose. Below is an analysis of how he does so. As mentioned, Hosseini’s use of foreshadowing almost encapsulates the chapter. Baba states that â€Å"God [should] help us all†, anticipating the Talibans takeoverRead More Differences that Divide Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pagessociety into more easily understood â€Å"black and white† groups. In Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner, the characters, representative of the surrounding cultures portrayed, frequently participate in acts of inclusion and exclusion on the basis of ethnicity, religion, and lifestyle as a means of dividing the population into clearly defined, mutually exclusive groups. This underlying expression of discrimination serves as a modern critical analysis against society’s prevalent tenets of inequality. The firstRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Kite Runner 1229 Words   |  5 PagesShyanne Nobles Ms. Mastrokyriakos English 4A Literary Analysis on â€Å"The Kite Runner† Edward Michael a British adventurer, writer and television presenter of Man vs. Wild always says â€Å"survival can be summed up in three words - never give up. That’s the heart of it really. Just keep trying†. The Kite Runner is a fictional book with a heartbreaking plot and struggling characters that are easily sympathetic to the readers. An Afghani child that has to make life changing decisions at such a young ageRead MoreBelonging Romulus, My Father and the Kite Runner Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pageswe all strive to belong is true, however it may take time to belong to a certain person, place, group, community or even the larger world. This issue is explored in Raimond Gaita’s biographical memoir Romulus, My Father and Khaled Hosseini’s confronting novel The Kite Runner. Throughout these texts, the themes of personal relationships, migrant experience and morals and values arise from the concept of belonging and are explored through the use of languag e devices. In Romulus, My Father, RaimondRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini2301 Words   |  10 PagesSummary The novel The Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, is the story of a young, upper class boy by the name of Amir and his friend, a lower class boy named Hassan. While Amir is a Pashtun and a Sunni Muslim, Hassan is a Hazara and a Shi’a muslim, which causes the main conflict between the two. Amir and Hassan learn more and more about their social status, as well as their personal friendships and problems as they grow up in Afghanistan. Analysis of the Majour Themes and Conflicts

Fiar Lawrence’s Part in Romeo and Juliet Free Essays

In the well known play, Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, many tragedies occur. Friar Lawrence plays an important part in shaping the play and maintaining the interest of the audience. Moreover, Friar Lawrence makes actions, decisions, and options that lead on making a huge impact, in the lives of Romeo and Juliet in the play. We will write a custom essay sample on Fiar Lawrence’s Part in Romeo and Juliet or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the play, Romeo and Juliet, Friar Lawrence makes a huge impact on Romeo and Juliet, by deciding to marry them.He wanted to make a positive impact in the lives of the Capulet’s and the Montague’s, â€Å"†¦ In one respect I’ll thy assist be, for this alliance may so happy prove Toil turn your household’s rancor to pure love† ( I, iii, 88-92 ). Furthermore, the second mistake happens in the beginning of the play,† Come, come with me, and we will make short work; for, by your leaves, you shall not stay alone Till Holly Church incorporate in one† ( II, VI, 35-37).Friar Lawrence makes a crucial mistake when he arranges a secret marriage ceremony for Romeo and Juliet. Consequently, Friar Lawrence’s decisions affect him; by leading him to a certain punishment and to guilt, â€Å"†¦ And lead you even to death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( V, IV, 31-37 ). The Prince tells Friar Lawrence that the decision he made can lead him to death. In addition, Friar Lawrence also receives the punishment of guilt, â€Å"†¦ And here I stand, both to impeach and purge, Myself condemned and myself excused ( V, IV, 238-24 ).Thus, the decisions he made lead him to deadly consequences. Furthermore, the decision Friar Lawrence made; which was marrying Romeo and Julie to unite the Montagues and Capulets was bad. This was a bad decision because this lead to the suffering of Romeo and Juliet, â€Å"†¦ For never was a story more of woe Than this of Juliet and her Romeo† ( V, V, 321-326 ). Even so, his bad decision also lead to deaths, â€Å"†¦ For here Juliet, and her beauty makes This vautl a feasting presence full of light.Death, lie thou there, by a dead man interred†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( V, IV, 82-130 ). Therefore, his bad decision lead to Romeo’s and Juliet’s death. Additionally, there are times when interventions by other characters change the course of the play. Friar Lawrence’s decisions contributed to the tragedy at the end of the play of Shakespeare. Therefore, Friar Lawrence made a huge impact in the course of the play; by making the play a tragedy. How to cite Fiar Lawrence’s Part in Romeo and Juliet, Papers

Integrated Engineering Change Management Process

Question: Discuss about the Integrated Engineering Change Management Process. Answer: Introduction Understanding theory of change should raise a great concern to every administrator in an organization; management should, therefore, be perceptive of every change that comes amidst the day to day running of the firm. Schneider, Ehrhart and Macey (2013) points out that such alteration might involve any phase of the company from the organizational, administrative structure to technological advancement. Severe consequences may occur for instance if measures are not taken by the administrators before the introduction of various changes within a company, for example, the rationale behind departmentalization or the duty roster compilation and execution. Therefore if these kinds of changes are not well managed, tussles could arise between the employees and the top management. It is because of such activities within organizations that Walter, Cole, and Humphrey (2017) define change management theory as any transition used by teams or organizations to redirect the modes of operation like budget allocation and business processes in a bid to reshape the company significantly. According to this author, change management theory involves crystallizing current ideas, behavior patterns, and methodologies as per what is workable in the organization. The approaches help members and administration of the firm to understand the course of change processes and the measures that can be taken to ensure the implementation of such changes. Various scholars have coined different change management theory models to try to explain why and how change can be implemented both in the public and the private sector organizations. Contrary to strategies of change, these models, act as guides to the fundamental alterations that are necessary for a company. According to Parke (2017), th e term model is just but a pack of assumptions that when put together may turn into reality. He goes ahead to discuss some of the current change management theory approaches which include: The contingency model of change is also known as the Dunphy and Staces model of change. The two studied change from the perspective of a transformation of an organization. Their model was not only situational but also changed strategies to achieve maximal fitness within the environment which meant for its operation. According to Dunphy and Stace, the most appropriate change to be implemented depended entirely on the situational analysis. The theory puts change into four categories namely the modular transformation, corporate transformation, fine tuning, and incremental adjustment. They went further to describe different styles of leadership which included: Consultative style whereby leaders consult employees in making decisions on critical matters affecting the normal running and growth of the company. Coercive style in which change is imposed on employees by their leaders thereby accepting the new strategies unwillingly. The collaborative mode in which the administrative system is supported by the employees, therefore, making the transformation smooth. A transformational model whereby the managers may make impromptu decisions just to ensure the firm survives. Dunphy and Staces model has got five different types of change. Moreover, the models emphasize on the interaction between the scale of change and the administrative styles. These steps of change include: Taylorism, a type of change that involves avoidance of change yet minor adjustments only leads to poor performance by the company. Charismatic transitions in which the influence of a familiar figure most probably a leader is used to make employees accept a particular change. Turnarounds- a type of transition that involves the use of authority to impose changes that are considered beneficial to the company on employees. A developmental change in which the administration of a company puts a major focus on team building, employee development and of course the subsequent improvement of service quality. The final type of change according to these two scholars is the task-focused transition which puts a lot of emphasis on constant reorganizations to come up with new products, procedures and improve the quality of service. Despite their model on change management theory being one of the most popular, Walter (2012) argues that it is non-empirical. In addition to this, it is also over-dependant on the leadership styles and the change drivers but not the analysis of organizational factors. Nudge theory As demonstrated by Ostroff (2013), this model uses behavioral science, political theory, and economics to strategize management change in organizations. The pioneers include Cass R. Sunstein and Richard H. There whose a whole idea of leadership revolves around exploring, understanding the situation at hand and trying to find a way of either eliminating them or making necessary adjustments to a point which the positive outcome outweigh the adverse outcome. They emphasize on the fact that choices should be in such a manner that they can go hand in hand with the way in which people think and make decisions. The model is said to be radical in nature because of its sophistication in its approach. Nyamsuren (2015) denotes that the model eliminates traditional transition methods like direct instructions and punishment as reinforcements. However, one of the advantages of this theory that makes it stand out is that acknowledges the difference in feelings and opinions of people about the reality of the perceived situation not forgetting the human behavior, nature and characteristics. Dhingra and Punia (2017) denote that the model, therefore, minimizes to greater percentage resistance from the employees in organizations but only if well applied. Nudge theory foregrounds behavioral science as an epitome of encouraging people to make good decisions not only for personal good but the overall excellence of the society as well. Although there has been a little concern about the demarcations between outright manipulation and nudging for good, the medical field mainly has fully embraced the idea and s o has the human resource management. ADKAR model According to Grandey, Diefendorff, and Rupp (2013), this is a goal oriented tool which emphasizes the need for heads of organizations to focus on those factors that would enable the company to achieve its objectives. Its also important noting that the results obtained by use of this model are both cumulative and sequential and therefore each result obtained has to arranged in an orderly manner so that to sustain the changes and subsequently implement them. The model can, therefore, be used by managers to exhume the gaps in their administrative structure so that employees have a conducive working environment. ADKAR is an acronym which stands for Awareness, Knowledge, and Reinforcement which involves keeping the changes implemented not just today but in future as well Walter, Cole and Humphrey (2011). Considering the structure of this model, some scholars have credited it for its benefits, for instance. Huy (2012) argues that model is capable of identifying and evaluating the reasons why the changes already made dont work and why the desired result are hard to obtain. Moreover, this model also allows the administrators of organizations to break down the changes implemented into different parts and try to find out the points at which the changes are not as effective as expected. In other words, this model focuses on both personal and business dimensions of change. Bridges Transition Model The approach was pioneered by William Bridges as a change consultant a design that makes a deeper analysis of how changes come in organizations. It drew a distinction between change and transition. Parke (2017) says that transition is intrapersonal whereas change is just an experience and times, happens even without the knowledge of him or her who experiences it. He goes ahead to say that change may be instant while transition on the other hand takes time; transition happens to people as they go through change. The model focuses on three main stages which include: Ending, Losing, and Letting go- the fact that when people propose a change, they may resist or even face emotional discomfort thereby causing fear, anger denial, and resentment (Major, 2014). Therefore it is important for individuals to be ready for changes when marking new beginnings. The neutral zone- This is a stage of impatience, uncertainty, and confusion; a wall between the old and the new when people are still engulfed by the old but wish to adapt to the new. This stage is hence showing signs of low morale, skepticism, and low productivity; however, this phase may also include innovation and burst of creativity. New beginning- Upon passing the neutral zone stage with support and enthusiasm, this final stage enters where people begin to understand and appreciate the idea of change (Major, 2014). Therefore individuals start pursuing the skills required to obtain the goals set by the organization. In this stage, people show a lot of commitment and zest to seek new knowledge Recommendations Just as noted by Rothman and Melwani (2017), an organization is like an organism which inhabits a very vibrant ecosystem and therefore requires a continuous practical focus to propagate and avoid elimination. Thus, for an organization to thrive in the contemporary tight corporate competition, change management is one of the areas in which if well dealt with, solutions can be found to carve out transformational plans in the organizations. Change management is not only meant to maximize profit for those who have actively involved in the change process buts also the holistic sustainability of the company. Therefore, organizations should try implementing different models of management change in their organizations for purposes of elevating the profitability of these enterprises and individual development of their employees. Effective organizational change hence requires the stakeholders of the organization to ensure the culture and structure of its operations are in line with the set objectives. As pointed out by Cole and Humphrey (2011), the organizational change can effectively be managed by recommending an effective determination process so as to evaluate the readiness of the organization towards the possible changes. The step will assist in understanding whether the management strongly supports the change as well as the involvement of the subordinate in effecting the change. Through a better communication plan and strategy, the evaluation process will also help the stakeholders of the organization to ensure all the required information and resources are as well as the priority alternatives are on board. As a result, the stakeholders will be very confident in commencing strategies towards change and sustaining the change achieved. Conclusion Change management is a term used to describe the transition made by organizations from one state to the other. From the business perspective, it refers to the adjustments made by administrators of institutions so that to meet changing market trends and objectives of the company. It entails the application of structured methodologies to steer business from its current status to the desired levels. The major advantage of applying the change management theory, therefore, is that it helps businesses to operate as per their budgets and eventually realize their potentials. Thus, for a company to boost its benefits, improve the working conditions of employees and adopt new technology to meet customer demands, management change theory should be applied. References Dhingra, R., Punia, B. K. (2016). Relational Analysis of Emotional Intelligence and Change Management: A Suggestive Model for Enriching Change Management Skills.Vision (09722629),20(4), 312-322. doi:10.1177/0972262916668726 Grandey, A. A., Diefendorff, J. M., Rupp, D. E. (2013). Emotional labor in the 21st century: Diverse perspectives on emotion regulation at work. New York: Routledge. Huy, Q. N. 2012. Emotions and strategic organization: Opportunities for impactful research. Strategic Organization, 10: 240247 Major, M. J. (2014). Quality management and a balanced scorecard as supporting frameworks for a new management model and organisational change.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,25(7/8), 763-775. doi:10.1080/14783363.2014.904568 Nyamsuren, P. (2015). An integrated engineering change management process model for a project-based manufacturing.International Journal Of Computer Integrated Manufacturing,28(7), 745-752. doi:10.1080/0951192X.2014.924342 Ostroff, C. (2013). Organizational culture and climate. In I. B. Weiner, N. W. Schmitt, S. Highhouse (Eds.), Handbook of psychology. Volume 12: Industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed.): 643676. New York: Wiley Parke, M. R. (2017). The role of affect climate in organizational effectiveness. Academy of Management Review, 42: 334360. Rothman, N. B., Melwani, S. (2017). Feeling mixed, ambivalent, and in flux: The social functions of emotional complexity for leaders. Academy of Management Review, 42: 259282 Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M. G., Macey, W. (2013). Organizational climate and culture. Review of Psychology, 64: 361388. Walter, F., Cole, M. S., Humphrey, R. (2011). Emotional intelligence: Sine qua non of leadership or folderol? Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(1): 4559.